Thí nghiệm xác định đường lây của tác nhân gây bệnh của Hội chứng hoại tử gan tuỵ cấp (AHPNS) hay Hội chứng tôm chết sớm (EMS)

A  new  emerging  disease  in  shrimp,  first  reported  in  2009,  was  initially  named  as  Early Mortality Syndrome  (EMS).   In  2011,  a  more descriptive  name  for  the acute  phase  of  the disease was proposed as Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Syndrome (AHPNS). The disease is  significant  in  Southeast  Asian  shrimp  farms  of  both  Pacific  white  shrimp  (Penaeus vannamei) and black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), usually occurring within the first 45 days  after stocking  and is  causing  significant  losses  to  the  shrimp  farming  industry  of  the region. The disease was first classified as an idiopathic disease because no specific causative agent  was  identified.  In  an  attempt  to  determine  the  infectious  nature  of  this  disease,  the Aquacutlure Pathology Laboratory at the University of Arizona has conducted several on-site infectivity studies in an EMS/AHPNS endemic area in Vietnam. In those studies, only fresh and  live  infected  tissues  were  used  in  inoculums  preparation.  Those  infectivity  studies included:  intramuscular  injection  with  filtered  and  unfiltered  inoculums,  per  os,  reverse gavage with unfiltered inoculums, and cohabitation. The histological analyses indicated that the  per  os  and  cohabitation  studies  could  introduce  pathology  that  consistently  appears  in EMS/AHPNS infected animals.